One company is at the center of a wave of rogue AI attacks
Mistakes at Israeli startup Irregular sent Anthropic, OpenAI, Meta, and Google agents after real-world targets.
by
Robert Hart
Sep 25, 2026, 3:39 PM UTC
Image: The Verge
One company is at the center of a wave of rogue AI attacks
Mistakes at Israeli startup Irregular sent Anthropic, OpenAI, Meta, and Google agents after real-world targets.
by
Robert Hart
Sep 25, 2026, 3:39 PM UTC
Robert Hart
is a London-based reporter at
The Vergecovering all things AI and a Senior Tarbell Fellow. Previously, he wrote about health, science and tech for
Forbes.
In July, OpenAI revealed that its AI agents hadattacked Hugging Face without permission, sparking widespread concerns aboutAI safety.Since then, astring of similar incidentsinvolving agents from Meta, Anthropic, Google, and other companies hasfueled further fears about rogue AI. As disclosures implicating numerous AI models trickled out over the past few months, these seemed like separate incidents. But many share a common source: one specific company tasked with testing the agents.
Irregular, an Israeli startup that stress-tests AI models in “high-fidelity research platforms that simulate and monitor real-world AI security scenarios,” has worked with many of the industry’s biggest players since it was founded as Pattern Labs in 2023. Its exact client list is not known, but its work has been cited in OpenAImodel system cards, it wasused to test systemsfor the UK government and Anthropic, and itpublishedresearch with RAND, a highly influential think tank that informs policy on AI.
In several Irregular tests this year, agents escaped their supposedly secure testing environments and went after real-world targets.
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The breaches, which are independent of the Hugging Face hack, all follow the same broad template: Irregular was testing the models’ cybersecurity capabilities in controlled environments meant to simulate realistic conditions. Some of the tests used “capture-the-flag” exercises, a common way of testing hacking abilities that asks agents to find hidden information inside of a simulated network. At least, the network is meant to be simulated.
Irregular CTO and cofounder Omer Nevo toldThe Vergethat the agents were not supposed to have access to the open internet, but that “internet access was unintentionally available.” At the same time, Nevo said a fictional company name created for the simulation as a target “overlapped with a real domain.” Put together, those mistakes sent the agents after real-world targets, though it’s not clear which companies or organizations were actually attacked.
“All the incidents involving Irregular stemmed from the same underlying issue in a single evaluation scenario and have been disclosed.”
Nevo confirmed toThe Vergethat this same issue was behind incidents involving models fromOpenAI,Meta,Anthropic, andGoogle. “All the incidents involving Irregular stemmed from the same underlying issue in a single evaluation scenario and have been disclosed,” he said. “Other security incidents which have been reported recently across the industry are unrelated to Irregular or to our evaluations.” This includes the Hugging Face hack andbreaches from the UK’s AI Security Institute.
“Disclosed” does not necessarily mean made public, though, and it’s unclear whether Nevo was referring to informing Irregular’s clients, the public, or someone else. While the incidents all stemmed from the same underlying testing failure, reports fromAnthropicandOpenAI, along withreportingon Google, indicate the tech companies were notified at roughly similar times in late July. OpenAI and Anthropic announced the breaches themselves, while the incidents involving Meta and, weeks later, Google first became public through media reports.
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Irregular’s cybersecurity testing goes beyond the four US tech giants. Research published on its website indicates it has alsoconductedsimilarcybersecurity testing on Kimi K3 and GLM-5.2,open AI modelsfromChinese companiesMoonshot AI and Z.ai, respectively. Unlike the proprietary models involved in the other incidents — Meta has kept its flagship Spark model proprietary — these models can be freely downloaded and run on users’ own hardware, meaning testers like Irregular don’t have to rely on the companies for access or send data back to them. Irregular’s research describes them as “self-hosted” instances.
“Disclosed” does not necessarily mean made public.
The evaluations of the Chinese models did not result in similar real-world incidents, Nevo said: “We did not observe the same type of issue described in the incidents referenced here during our evaluations of GLM or Kimi.” However, Nevo cautioned that this “observation alone should not be interpreted as evidence that these models are less susceptible to this kind of behavior.” Neither Moonshot nor Z.ai responded toThe Verge’s request for comment.
Nevo said the incidents have prompted changes at Irregular. “We have tightened internet access controls, expanded monitoring and manual review, and strengthened checks before evaluations begin to verify that access matches the intended scope,” he said. “We have also improved how we document and agree on each evaluation’s setup and parameters with our partners.”
Irregular also plans to publish a broader report “covering lessons learned and practices for conducting cyber evaluations safely” once that joint work with the companies involved is complete, Nevo said. “Our work with partners aims to turn lessons from these incidents into public shared practices for developing and evaluating increasingly powerful AI safely.”
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Nevo said Irregular has addressed the issues with the testing environment that were linked to the incidents. None of the four US AI companies answered questions asking for further details — including when they became aware of the breaches, whether they were seeking damages or other remedies from Irregular, and whether they expected to continue working with the Irregular. Google and Anthropic did not respond, while OpenAI and Meta pointedThe Vergetopreviouslypublishedblog posts.
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